Тести з Англійської мови

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l)On June,l, 1910, Captain Scott left London to begin his Antarctic expedition. On his way, he received a telegram from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen:» I’m going South.» So the race to the South Pole was on!

2) During the polar summer of 1910-11, both teams organised food depots in preparation for their expedition the following year. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited impatiently for the first signs of spring.

3) Amundsen was the first to leave, on October, 15, 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he , made rapid progress.

4) Scott left on November, 1 and soon had problems. First, two motor sledges broke down, and then the ponies began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.

5) Amundsen reached the Pole on December, 14 and put Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey.

6) Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four companions on January, 17. They were devastated when they saw the Norwegian flag.

7) The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. The men were soon exhausted and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott started to realise their desperate situation.

8 ) Despite this, on their way back they found time to look for rocks and fossils. They carried 20 kilos of rocks all the way with them. Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past Antarctica was covered by plants. However, disaster soon struck. Edgar Evans had terrible frostbite and died after a bad fall. The next to go was Captain Gates, who was having great difficulty walking. Scott recorded his death.

9) Scott and two companions carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food depots. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent. Scott spent some of his last hours writing. He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen. Scott’s final diary entry told the story of their tragic end.

10) The news of Scott’s death shocked the world. He had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the remarkable courage shown by Captain Scott and his men made them into heroes.

#1.(…) Who between the two world famous explorers reached the Pole first?

#2. (…) Which Pole did they race to?

#3. (…)When did they prepare intensively to go on their research expeditions?

#4. (…) What was the most desperate journey in the history of Pole exploration?

#5. (…) Why did Captain Scott and his men become known as heroic people despite their Failure in winning the race to the Pole?

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1) A famous English essayist once wrote about an incident that occurred during his babyhood.

2) His aunt, Lady Astor, had a glass eye, but this was a well-kept secret that was known only to the family and servants.

3) One evening, his aunt and uncle were giving a party at their home in the English countryside. It was his aunt’s birthday and the atmosphere was a joyful one.

4) There was one guest present who had never met Lady Astor; he decided that matters would be easier if he just walked up to her and introduced himself.

5) After doing so, he remarked that her eyes were beautiful.

6) The butler who was walking by with a tray, said without thinking, «Yes, didn’t they do a fine job of matching her new eye to her old one!»

7) At that the guest turned red and disappeared.

8 ) Lady Astor immediately fired the butler, declaring that she wouldn’t tolerate this betrayal of the secrets of one’s employer.

9) The butler begged to be reinstated but Lady Astor was merciless.

10) This incident took place in front of all the guests, to the great enjoyment of everyone present.

#1. (A .) What was the secret kept by Lady Astor’s family and servants?

#2. (…) Why did the essayist’s aunt and uncle give a party?

#3. (…) What was the remark of one of the guests who had never met Lady Astor before?

#4. (…) What did the butler say without thinking?

#5. (…)What was Lady Astor’s reaction towards the words said by the butler?

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1) If you go to New Plymouth, a small town in the USA, you will see there a rock to which many tourists come to think of the first English settlers who landed near that rock more than three hundred years ago.

2) It was in November 1620. A small ship «The Mayflower» left England.

3) After seven long weeks the people on «The Mayflower» saw land at last. It was America.

4) Soon the settlers found the place to build their village there. In. January 1621, there were already two streets in this first English settlement in the USA, and they called the place New Plymouth.

5) When winter came the life in New Plymouth became very hard and many settlers died.

6) One day some Indians came to New Plymouth. They called the English people «Yankee» as they could not say the word «Englishman». Since that time «Yankee» has been the name of a white man in America.

7) When spring came the people of New Plymouth began to plant corn and maize.

8 ) In autumn the crops were very good and the people of New Plymouth decided to make a holiday dinner.

9) The Indians came to their dinner and brought some wild turkeys as a present.

10) The people of New Plymouth called their holiday Thanksgiving Day. Since that day Thanksgiving Day has been a great holiday in the USA.

#1. (…) What does the word «Yankee» mean?

#2. (…) When did a small ship «The Mayflower» leave England?

#3. (…) What was the reason for the death of many settlers?

#4. (…) What was the first settlement of the Englishmen in America?

#5. (…) Why is the rock in New Plymouth the most popular place of interest?

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1) The concept of equality is extremely important in the USA.

2) Americans generally say that all people are the same, regardless of social, economic, racial, ethnic, or gender differences.

3) They expect to have an equal opportunity to achieve personal and professional goals.

4) Americans can become very angry if they think they are not being given an equal opportunity to complete or improve their lives.

5) Fair government and equal protection by law are very important. Americans may also become angry with people who expect special favours or treatment.

6) When they think someone is not being fair or is looking for special treatment they are likely to say, «Who do you think you are?» They also get angry with people who will not wait for their turn.

7) There are, of course, social and class differences in the USA and many inequalities in American life. Most Americans are aware of these inequalities, but they would rather think that the USA is a country where «all Men are created equal» and they have certain Rights and «among these are Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness».

8 ) Partly because of this strong belief in equality, Americans may seem very informal. But informality does not mean a lack of respect. It shows individual equality — an important American value.

9) Americans value personal independence and self-reliance. This individualistic orientation means that people believe they are responsible for their own happiness and future, and that they should not depend on others to make them happy and successful.

10) This does not mean that they do not work together or help one another or co-operate. It means that each person is responsible for his or her own life.

#1.(…) What do most Americans think about their country?

#2. (…) Do many Americans refuse to help one another and work together?

#3. (…) What impression on other nations do many Americans make: formal or informal?

#4. (…) What do Americans say about people?

#5. (…) What may an unequal opportunity to improve one’s life lead to?

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1) There is a law in the USA which prohibits people from drinking or buying any alcoholic beverage.

2) When you buy or order an alcoholic drink, you may be asked to show proof of your age. You must be 21 or over.

3) You will need a photo — ID (identification card), such as a passport or driver license.

4) You will not be allowed in bars and discotheques if you are under 21 You may be stopped at the entrance and asked to show your ID.

5) Bar owners can lose their license to serve alcoholic beverages if they serve alcohol to minors (people below the legal drinking age).

6) You should also be aware that there are very strict laws against drinking just before or while driving a car.

7) In some places it-is illegal to have an open can or bottle of alcohol in car.

8 ) In some places there are laws that control the place or time when alcohol can be drunk or served, e.g. in some places alcohol cannot be sold on Sunday.

9) In some public places (beaches, parks), you cannot drink alcohol.

10) Smoking is not prohibited in many public places and not acceptable in many private homes.

#1.(…) Who are minors?

#2. (…) Can Americans smoke in public places?

#3. (…) What age is it allowed to buy alcoholic beverages at?

#4. (…) What are the public places where one can be fined for drinking alcohol?

#5. (…) What documents must be shown to prove the age?

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l)If you arrive in Great Britain you’ll hear the word «tradition1 everywhere. Englishmen have sentimental love for things and traditions because they are old. They never throw away old things.

2) In many houses of Great Britain they have fire-places and though their bedrooms are awfully cold, the English people don’t want to have central heating because they don’t want to have changes.

3) Therefore the Yeomen-Warders are dressed in medieval clothes and the traditional dress of the Horse Guards regiment has existed since the twelfth century. This dress costs a lot of money and seems very funny nowadays, but Englishmen stand for it because it’s their traditional dress.

4) If you enter the Houses of Parliament you’ll see the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

5) In the House of Lords there are 2 rows of benches for lords and a sack of wool for the Lord Chancellor to sit on it. This is so because in the old times wool made England rich and powerful.

6) In the House of Commons, which is not big and quite simple, you’ll see two rows of benches for the two parties: the government on one side and the opposition — on the other. In front of the benches there is a strip of a carpet and when a member speaking in the House puts his foot beyond that strip, there is a shout «Order!»

7) This dates from the time when the members had swords on them and during the discussion might want to start fighting. The word «order» reminded them that no fighting was allowed in the House.

8 ) Another old custom remains from the time when there was a lot of robbers in London. In those days the shouting «Who goes home?» was often heard in the Houses of Parliament and the members went in groups along the dark narrow streets of the old city.

9) In modern London with its well-lit streets the shouting «Who goes home?» sounds very strange, but it is still heard.

10) These are some of the traditions of which Great Britain has so many.

#1. (…) What does the word «tradition» mean for Englishmen?

#2. (…) What traditional saying connected with the fright of being mugged by robbers in old times is heard today?

#3. (…) What does a sack of wool symbolise?

#4. (…) What do the Houses of Parliament consist of?

#5. (…) What did a step beyond the strip of a carpet in front of the benches in the House of Commons mean?

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1) Abraham Lincoln was one of the most famous presidents of the USA. He was born in the family of a poor farmer in 1809 in Kentucky, but soon his family left for the wild forest land of Indiana.

2) He was taught reading, writing and simple arithmetic as his family could not afford better education.

3) When he was 18, he went to New Orleans and there he saw a slave market. It made a deep impression on him and he began to hate slavery and decided to fight against it.

4) In 1830 he went to Springfield and became a clerk in a store. He learned much and greatly improved his knowledge.

5) He entered politics and in 1832 became a candidate for the Parliament of his state.

6) Soon he became a force in political life and in 1860 was electeed President of the USA.

7) He was an enemy of slavery. Some of the Southern States left the Union, and the war between the South and the North began.

8 ) At first the war went badly for the North, but Lincoln never lost his courage and soon they won.

9) When the war was over, Lincoln issued a proclamation to say that slavery was abolished.

10) Lincoln was well-known all over America and everybody loved him.

#1.(…) Where did Abraham Lincoln gain his life experience and learn a lot?

#2. (…) Who was the winner in the Civil War of the USA?

#3. (…) What was Abraham Lincoln’s background?

#4. (. ..) When did Lincoln become President of the USA?

#5. (…) What document proclaimed the end of slavery?

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1) Titles based on social class are not used in the USA.

2) Some titles based on occupation, such as Ambassador, Governor, Father, and Rabbi are used.

3) Occupations usually carrying titles are: diplomats, clergy, judges military officer, medical and academic doctors, and government officials.

4) Individuals in other occupations are usually referred to with Mr. (mister) and Ms. (pronounced «mizz») followed by the last family name. You will hear the older titles Miss for unmarried women, but most professional women prefer Ms.

5) Many Americans, however, do no ‘want to use titles and family names in conversation.

6) Even if someone is introduced to you with a title, don’t be surprised if they tell you to call them by their first name.

7) If you insist on calling individuals by their titles they have asked you not to, you will be perceived as being more formal than necessary.

8 ) However, young people are often expected to call older people, such as the parents of their friends, by their last name preceeded by Mr, Ms, Miss, or Mrs, or a title.

9) This is the polite form of address in this situation, and you should follow it if you are younger than the person to whom you are talking.

10) If they want to call them by their first name, they will say so. Otherwise, if you use their first name, they may think you are being impolite.

#1.(…) What titles are based on occupation?

#2. (…) How do many Americans like to be addressed to?

#3. (…) What title do most professional women prefer to refer to?

#4. (…) What is the way young people call older ones?

#5. (…) When is it not necessary to use a title addressing people and why?

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1) When Haydn was about 18 years old he sang in a chorus. But soon his voice broke and he lost his place as a chorister.

2) He began playing the violin in the streets of Vienna. Sometimes at dances he played his own music.

3) Once a well-known clown, Bernardone Kurtz by name, invited Haydn to his room and gave him some verses and asked to write an opera. Haydn was afraid.

4) «I have never written such music», he said «but I’ll try.» He began working and everything went well till he came to a place where there was a storm at sea.

5) «How can I put a storm at sea into music, when I have never seen the sea?» said Haydn.

6) He went to Kurtz, but the clown could not help him, as he had never seen the sea himself.

7) At last Haydn lost his temper, crashed his hands upon the piano and cried out «Dash the storm!»

8 ) «That’s it! That’s it!» cried Kurtz jumping up of his chair. «Go on like that!»

9) Many years have passed since Haydn’s name became famous all over the world.

10) He has written wonderful music to many operas but he could not forget the storm in his first opera. He always laughed when he thought of it.

#1.(…) Why did he lose his place as a chorister?

#2. (…) Whose music did he play in the streets and at dancing parties from time to time?.

#3. (…)What did Kurtz cry out when Haydn crashed his hands upon the piano?

#4. (…) What couldn’t Haydn put into music?

#5. (…) what was Bernardone Kurtz by profession? .

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l)One afternoon my neighbour’s children were playing hide-and-seek in the street, just opposite the post-office.

2) Young Jan, who is only 5 years old, found the perfect place to hide.

3) His sister, Janet, had shut her eyes and was counting up to 10 when Jan noticed the small metal door of the letter-box had been left open.

4) The postman had just taken all the letters and had gone into the post-office to see if there were any parcels.

5) Jan climbed into the letter-box and pulled the door from the inside so hard that it locked.

6) Soon realising what he had done, he became very frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Janet was looking for him everywhere but could not find him.

7) It was lucky she happened to stop outside the letter-box and hear her brother’s cries. She immediately ran to tell the post-man, who hurried out to unlock the metal door.

8 ) Jan was now free, but he had had such a bad fright that he could not stop crying.

9) The postman, however, found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that next time he wanted to hide in a letter-box, he should remember to stick a stamp on himself.

10) The next day the accident was reported in local newspapers.

#1.(…) What did Janet do when she found Jan?

#2. (…) What game were the neighbour’s children playing?

#3. (…) Where did the postman just go?

#4. (…) Why did the boy begin to cry?

#5. (..’.) What did the postman tell the boy, so that he stopped crying?